Psychological distress among unemployed migrants settling in southwestern Spain: A cross-sectional study.

Migrants living in the informal settlements of Southern Spain tend to have precarious employment and poor living conditions, making then vulnerable to mental health issues. This study aimed to assess psychological distress in a sample of unemployed migrants residing in informal settlements in the province of Huelva (southern Spain), during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during the months of April to June 2021, through a heteroadministered questionnaire, in informal settlements. The measurement instrument was the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), used to analyze psychological distress, and other sociodemographic and health-related variables. Univariate and bivariate descriptive data analysis were performed, using the nonparametric statistics Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Tau ß correlation. A categorical regression analysis was performed to study the relationship between psychological distress and the rest of the variables. The sample consisted of 317 subjects, 83.9% of whom were males, and the mean age was 33.4 years (SD = 10.7 years). The mean score obtained in the GHQ-12 questionnaire was 13.69 points (SD = 3.86). Significant differences were found between levels of psychological distress and substance abuse (H = 14.085; P = .049), people who wished to stay in Spain (t = 6987; P = .049), people who experienced isolation due to COVID-19 contact (t = 1379.5; P = .001), people who needed medical assistance due to COVID-19 (t = 7.990; P = .018), and those who reported having chronic illnesses (t = 2686.5, P = .02). The mean score of psychological distress indicates general high levels of psychological distress. Participants who had experienced isolation due to COVID-19 contact, who consumed substances, and who had chronic illnesses reported the highest levels of psychological distress.

Psychological distress among Brazilian workers during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic imposed drastic and abrupt changes to working environment and organization and that might have caused additional negative effects on mental health. Thus, this study aimed to quantify and assess the severity of psychological distress experienced by Brazilian essential and nonessential workers during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This descriptive study included 2,903 participants who answered an online questionnaire between April and May 2020. The research questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted to the Brazilian population from a questionnaire developed and validated for the Spanish population. Variables were analyzed using simple and cumulative percentage distributions and measures of central tendency and dispersion. The Wilson score interval was used to calculate confidence interval (CI) for the main outcome, psychological distress. Results: It was observed a high prevalence (72.6%) of psychological distress among the study's participants. They also presented a median risk perception score of 60 (out of a maximum of 90), and their greatest concern was transmitting the virus to family members, close contacts or patients. Furthermore, it was found a lower sense of coherence and work engagement among the participants than those observed in previous studies conducted in other countries. Conclusion: Almost three quarters of the study's participants were classified as presenting psychological distress. Thus, it is imperative to provide mental health remotely delivered interventions to workers during public health events that require prolonged social distancing measures.

[End of the use of masks in public spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic: impact on the mental health of pregnant women]. / Fin del uso de la mascarilla en espacios públicos durante la pandemia por la COVID-19: impacto en la salud mental de las mujeres embarazadas.

OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 has affected the entire population, generating a greater impact on certain vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of fear and anxiety regarding the COVID-19 disease in pregnant women, using the AMICO_Pregnant scale, in the final phase of the health crisis caused by the disease, marked by the relaxation of isolation measures in public spaces. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study using the self-reported questionnaire AMICO_Pregnant was developed between March 24 and April 18, 2022. This was followed by a univariate and bivariate statistical analysis of the data collected. RESULTS: A total of 479 surveys of pregnant women of different gestational ages were obtained. The bivariate analysis showed statistical significance in the AMICO_Pregnant scale score about several variables over the previous year: contact with the disease (p=0.025); number of previous pregnancies (p=0.019); changes in the birth plan (p=0.001); and vaccination status (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted pregnant women's mental health, producing a negative effect on emotions. The research carried out shows a statistically significant relationship between the levels of fear and anxiety in pregnant women and factors such as the number of previous pregnancies, contact with the previous disease, vaccination level or expectations regarding the delivery or birth plan.

OBJECTIVE: La COVID-19 ha afectado a toda la población, generando un mayor impacto en determinados grupos vulnerables, como es el caso de las mujeres gestantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los niveles de miedo y ansiedad a la COVID-19 en la mujer gestante, mediante la escala AMICO_Gestante, en la fase final de la crisis sanitaria causada por dicha enfermedad, marcada por el relajamiento de las medidas de aislamiento en espacios públicos. METHODS: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo mediante el uso de cuestionario autoinformado AMICO_Gestante, desarrollado entre el 24 de marzo y el 18 de abril de 2022. Tras ello, se ejecutó un análisis estadístico univariado y bivariado de los datos recogidos. RESULTS: Se obtuvieron un total de 479 encuestas de mujeres gestantes de diferente edad gestacional. El análisis bivariado mostró significación estadística en la puntuación de la escala AMICO_Gestante en relación con varias variables en relación al año anterior: contacto con la enfermedad (p=0,025); número de embarazos previos (p=0,019); cambios en el plan de parto (p=0,001); y estado vacunacional (p=0,01). CONCLUSIONS: La pandemia por la COVID-19 tiene un impacto en la salud mental de la mujer gestante, produciendo un efecto negativo en las emociones. La investigación realizada muestra una relación estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles de miedo y ansiedad en la mujer gestante y factores como el número de embarazos previos, el contacto con la enfermedad previa, el nivel de vacunación o las expectativas en relación al plan de parto o nacimiento.

Psychological distress in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Healthcare workers serving during the COVID-19 pandemic may have been exposed to high work overload, which may have had an impact on their physical, mental, and social health. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with psychological distress among healthcare workers serving during the COVID-19 pandemic from January 2020 to December 2022. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted based on the 2020 PRISMA statement. Articles were searched in the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. RESULTS: A total of 59 articles were included in this systematic review. It was observed that the prevalence of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic was high. Female sex, being a nurse, being young, living alone/being single, and having a chronic disease or psychiatric disorder history are the main risk factors at the personal level. Other occupational and pandemic-related factors such as having many years of work experience, the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and contact history, not enough sleep, having lower family support and limited social relationships, fear of infecting friends and family, having a reduced perception of protection by personal protective equipment, working on the frontline, and having longer service duration were found to be factors influencing the development of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: There are personal, interpersonal, and organizational risk factors that can lead to the occurrence of psychological distress among healthcare staff working during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fin del uso de la mascarilla en espacios públicos durante la pandemia por la COVID-19: impacto en la salud mental de las mujeres embarazadas / End of the use of masks in public spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic: impact on the mental health of pregnant women

Background: COVID-19 has affected the entire population, generating a greater impact on certain vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of fear and anxiety regarding the COVID-19 disease in pregnant women, using the AMICO_Pregnant scale, in the final phase of the health crisis caused by the disease, marked by the relaxation of isolation measures in public spaces. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study using the self-reported questionnaire AMICO_Pregnant was developed between March 24 and April 18, 2022. This was followed by a univariate and bivariate statistical analysis of the data collected. Results: A total of 479 surveys of pregnant women of different gestational ages were obtained. The bivariate analysis showed statistical significance in the AMICO_Pregnant scale score about several variables over the previous year: contact with the disease (p=0.025); number of previous pregnancies (p=0.019); changes in the birth plan (p=0.001); and vaccination status (p=0.01). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted pregnant women’s mental health, producing a negative effect on emotions. The research carried out shows a statistically significant relationship between the levels of fear and anxiety in pregnant women and factors such as the number of previous pregnancies, contact with the previous disease, vaccination level or expectations regarding the delivery or birth plan.(AU)

Fundamentos: La COVID-19 ha afectado a toda la población, generando un mayor impacto en determinados grupos vulnerables, como es el caso de las mujeres gestantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los niveles de miedo y ansiedad a la COVID-19 en la mujer gestante, mediante la escala AMICO_Gestante, en la fase final de la crisis sanitaria causada por dicha enfermedad, marcada porel relajamiento de las medidas de aislamiento en espacios públicos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo mediante el uso de cuestionario autoinformadoAMICO_Gestante, desarrollado entre el 24 de marzo y el 18 de abril de 2022. Tras ello, se ejecutó un análisis estadístico univariado y bivariado de los datos recogidos. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 479 encuestas de mujeres gestantes de diferente edad gestacional. El análisis bivariado mostró significación estadística en la puntuación de la escala AMICO_Gestante en relación con varias variables en relación al año anterior: contacto con la enfermedad (p=0,025); número de embarazos previos (p=0,019); cambios en el plan de parto (p=0,001); y estado vacunacional (p=0,01). Conclusiones: La pandemia por la COVID-19 tiene un impacto en la salud mental de la mujer gestante, produciendo un efecto negativo en las emociones. La investigación realizada muestra una relación estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles de miedo y ansiedad en la mujer gestante y factores como el número de embarazos previos, el contacto con la enfermedad previa, el nivel de vacunación o las expectativas en relación al plan de parto o nacimiento.(AU)

[Impacto de la covid-19 en el estrés, la ansiedad y la depresión en personas con Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo: una revisión sistemática.] / Impact of covid-19 on stress, anxiety and depression in people with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The population's mental health has been compromised by a global pandemic, especially in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA format in the electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Dialnet and Medline between the months of January and May 2023. Method quality was assessed based on the critical evaluation tools for studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). RESULTS: A total of twelve studies were included in this review. The mental health of the population has been compromised by the COVID-19 pandemic, with patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder being especially affected. Although there was a wide variability of results, it was observed that the level of stress and anxiety increased during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The mental health of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, especially washing machine patients, is compromised in times of pandemic, presenting medium-high levels of stress, anxiety and depression.

OBJETIVO: La salud mental de la población se ha visto comprometida ante una situación de pandemia mundial, especialmente en pacientes con Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo (TOC). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con TOC durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. METODOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el formato PRISMA en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Dialnet y Medline entre los meses de enero y mayo de 2023. A partir de las herramientas de evaluación crítica para estudios del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) se evaluó la calidad metodológica. RESULTADOS: Un total de doce estudios fueron incluidos en esta revisión. La salud mental de la población se vio comprometida ante la pandemia de la COVID-19, siendo especialmente afectados los pacientes con TOC. Aunque existió una amplia variabilidad de resultados, se observó que el nivel de estrés y ansiedad aumentó durante la pandemia. CONCLUSIONES: La salud mental de los pacientes con TOC, especialmente los que tienen TOC de limpieza, se ve comprometida en tiempos de pandemia, presentando niveles medios-altos de estrés, ansiedad y depresión.

[Influencia de las redes de apoyo sociofamiliares en el cuidado de las personas mayores dependientes: un estudio cualitativo.] / Influence of social-family support networks on the care of dependent older people: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVE: Socio-family support networks (SFSN) are necessary for the care of dependent people. This study aimed to explore the types of support provided in the SFSN for dependent older people in the Aljarafe Health District-Sevilla Norte (Spain) from a gender perspective. METHODS: A qualitative biographical study was carried out, based on semi-structured interviews. The sample size met the theoretical saturation criterion. A total of twenty-four people participated in the study, fifteen women and nine men. For the qualitative analysis of the content and discourse of the people interviewed, Grounded Theory was followed. RESULTS: Four categories emerged corresponding to the types of support provided: cognitive, material, instrumental and emotional support. These categories corresponded to the prototypes that caregivers and patients built through the ideas and concepts they had about caring for dependent people. The different types of support provided reduced the discomfort of all members of the SFSN. Differences were evident in the speeches between men and women. CONCLUSIONS: Caring continues to be an activity that women usually do. The types of support analyzed show that the existence of a network is a guarantee of care and the use of SFSN reduces the overload of the caregiver by being compensated with the other members of the network. Therefore, networks are a health protection factor for family caregivers.

OBJECTIVE: Las redes de apoyo sociofamiliares son necesarias para el cuidado de las personas dependientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar los tipos de apoyo que se dan en las Redes de Apoyo Sociofamiliares (RASF) de las personas dependientes mayores del Distrito Sanitario Aljarafe-Sevilla Norte (España) desde una perspectiva de género. METHODS: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de corte biográfico, basado en la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El tamaño de la muestra atendió al criterio de saturación teórica. Participaron en el estudio un total de veinticuatro personas, quince mujeres y nueve hombres. Para el análisis cualitativo del contenido y del discurso de las personas entrevistadas se siguió la Teoría Fundamentada. RESULTS: Emergieron cuatro categorías correspondientes a los tipos de apoyo prestados: apoyo cognitivo, material, instrumental y emocional. Estas categorías correspondían a los prototipos que las personas cuidadoras y pacientes construían a través de las ideas y conceptos que tenían sobre el cuidado a personas dependientes. Los distintos tipos de apoyo prestados disminuían el malestar de todos los componentes de las RASF. Se evidenciaron diferencias en los discursos entre hombres y mujeres. CONCLUSIONS: Cuidar continúa siendo una actividad que suelen realizar las mujeres. Los tipos de apoyos analizados demuestran que la existencia de una red es una garantía de cuidados y que el empleo de las RASF reduce la sobrecarga de la persona cuidadora al estar compensadas con los otros miembros de la red. Por tanto, las redes son un factor de protección de la salud para las personas cuidadoras familiares.

Influencia de las redes de apoyo sociofamiliares en el cuidado de las personas mayores dependientes: un estudio cualitativo / Influence of social-family support networks on the care of dependent older people: a qualitative study

Fundamentos: Las redes de apoyo sociofamiliares son necesarias para el cuidado de las personas dependientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar los tipos de apoyo que se dan en las Redes de Apoyo Sociofamiliares (RASF) de las personas dependientes mayores del Distrito Sanitario Aljarafe-Sevilla Norte (España) desde una perspectiva de género. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de corte biográfico, basado en la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El tamaño de la muestra atendió al criterio de saturación teórica. Participaron en el estudio un total de veinticuatro personas, quince mujeres y nueve hombres. Para el análisis cualitativo del contenido y del discurso de las personas entrevistadas se siguió la Teoría Fundamentada. Resultados: Emergieron cuatro categorías correspondientes a los tipos de apoyo prestados: apoyo cognitivo, material, instrumental y emocional. Estas categorías correspondían a los prototipos que las personas cuidadoras y pacientes construían a través de las ideas y conceptos que tenían sobre el cuidado a personas dependientes. Los distintos tipos de apoyo prestados disminuían el malestar de todos los componentes de las RASF. Se evidenciaron diferencias en los discursos entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones: Cuidar continúa siendo una actividad que suelen realizar las mujeres. Los tipos de apoyos analizados demuestran que la existencia de una red es una garantía de cuidados y que el empleo de las RASF reduce la sobrecarga de la persona cuidadora al estar compensadas con los otros miembros de la red. Por tanto, las redes son un factor de protección de la salud para las personas cuidadoras familiares.(AU)

Background: Socio-family support networks (SFSN) are necessary for the care of dependent people. This study aimed to explore the types of support provided in the SFSN for dependent older people in the Aljarafe Health District-Sevilla Norte (Spain) from a gender perspective. Methods: A qualitative biographical study was carried out, based on semi-structured interviews. The sample size met the theoretical saturation criterion. A total of twenty-four people participated in the study, fifteen women and nine men. For the qualitative analysis of the content and discourse of the people interviewed, Grounded Theory was followed. Results: Four categories emerged corresponding to thnal support. These categories corresponded to the prototypes that caregivers and patients built through the ideas and concepts they had about caring for dependent people. The different types of support provided reduced the discomfort of all members of the SFSN. Differences were evident in the speeches between men and women. Conclusions: Caring continues to be an activity that women usually do. The types of support analyzed show that the existence of a network is a guarantee of care and the use of SFSN reduces the overload of the caregiver by being compensated with the other members of the network. Therefore, networks are a health protection factor for family caregivers.(AU)

Presenteeism and mental health of workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.

Background: A large number of workers attend work despite being ill. Attending work during sickness can have a number of consequences for the worker (e.g., worsening of physical and mental condition), for co-workers, and for the company, and for service users. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the factors influencing presenteeism and mental health of workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic review following the PRISMA format was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, and ScienceDirect electronic databases in January 2023, using the following key words: Presenteeism, Mental Health, and COVID-19. The eligibility criteria applied were original articles published in English, Spanish, French, German, and Portuguese, workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (data collection date: January 01, 2020 - January 01, 2023), and articles assessing at least one measure of presenteeism and mental health status. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The followed protocol is listed in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with code CRD42023391409. Results: A total of 25 studies were included in this review recruiting a total of 164,274 participants. A number of factors influencing mental health and sickness presenteeism were identified: (1) mental health-related factors (burnout [in 4 studies], stress [in 9 studies], depression [in 1 study], fear of COVID-19 [in 1 study], no well-being [in 2 studies], etc.); (2) individual factors (health status [in 1 study], being young [in 1 study], workers who experienced interrupted medical care [in 2 studies], having a chronic disease [in 1 study], etc.); (3) factors related to the situation caused by COVID-19 (confinement, symptoms, loss of contract, risk of bankruptcy, etc. [in 1 study each one]); and (4) factors derived from working conditions (organisational support [in 1 study], patient care [in 1 study], work functioning or task performance impairment [in 4 studies], work fatigue [in 2 studies], safety climate [in 1 study], workload [in 1 study], etc.). Conclusion: Identifying the key determinants of presenteeism and understanding the phenomena and origins of sickness presenteeism will help to create a safe working environment and optimal organisational systems to protect vulnerable workers in a pandemic context. Systematic review registration: The unique identifier is CRD42023391409.

Impacto de la COVID-19 en el estrés, la ansiedad y la depresión en personas con Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo: una revisión sistemática / mpact of COVID-19 on stress, anxiety and depression in people with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: a systematic review

Fundamentos: La salud mental de la población se ha visto comprometida ante una situación de pandemia mundial, especialmente en pacientes con Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo (TOC). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los niveles de estrés, ansiedady depresión en pacientes con TOC durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el formato PRISMA en las bases de datos electrónicasPubmed, Scopus,Web of Science, Dialnet yMedline entre los meses de enero y mayo de 2023. A partir de las herramientas de evaluación crítica paraestudios del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) se evaluó la calidad metodológica. Resultados: Un total de doce estudios fueron incluidos en esta revisión. La salud mental de la población se vio comprometidaante la pandemia de la COVID-19, siendo especialmente afectados los pacientes con TOC. Aunque existió una amplia variabilidad deresultados, se observó que el nivel de estrés y ansiedad aumentó durante la pandemia. Conclusiones: La salud mental de los pacientes con TOC, especialmente los que tienen TOC de limpieza, se ve comprometidaen tiempos de pandemia, presentando niveles medios-altos de estrés, ansiedad y depresión.(AU)

Bacground: The population’s mental health has been compromised by a global pandemic, especially in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in patients withobsessive-compulsive disorder during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA format in the electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web ofScience, Dialnet and Medline between the months of January and May 2023. Method quality was assessed based on the critical evaluationtools for studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: A total of twelve studies were included in this review. The mental health of the population has been compromised by theCOVID-19 pandemic, with patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder being especially affected. Although there was a wide variabilityof results, it was observed that the level of stress and anxiety increased during the pandemic. Conclusions: The mental health of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, especiallywashing machine patients, is com-promised in times of pandemic, presenting medium-high levels of stress, anxiety and depression.(AU)

Stress, fear, and anxiety among construction workers: a systematic review.

Objectives: The aim of this review was to assess the possible risk factors arising from working conditions, that could have an impact on the stress, fear, and anxiety of construction workers. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA format in the Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycInfo electronic databases on February 3, 2023, using the following key words: anxiety, stress, fear, and construction workers. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: A total of 35 studies were included. The results showed a number of conditioning factors for stress, anxiety, and fear among construction workers such as age, inappropriate safety equipment, safety culture, high workload and long working hours, physical pain, low social support from direct supervisor or co-workers, lack of organizational justice and lack of reward, financial situation, maladaptive coping strategies, and characteristics of the pandemic. Conclusions: There are a number of risk factors related to working conditions, organizations, and individuals that can affect the levels of stress, anxiety, and fear among construction workers, such as age, work hardship, safety culture and, especially, the long hours that construction professionals work. This may lead to an increase in the number of occupational accidents and higher associated fatality rates. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022367724, identifier: CRD42022367724.

[Sources used to obtain information on COVID-19 and its impact on mental health.] / Fuentes utilizadas para obtener información sobre la COVID-19 y su impacto en la salud mental.

With the rise of COVID-19, the society has had the need to search for information about the pandemic and the sources used to obtain information have been very diverse, with a greater predominance of social media, traditional media and consultation with loved ones. In addition, an excess of information has been observed in the media that made access and understanding difficult, as well as a constant concern and anxiety about health that caused a need to search excessively or repeatedly for information on health and disease. This information was not always endorsed by the scientific community and during the pandemic there has been the spread of misinformation, fake news and conspiracy theories about COVID-19 disseminated, mainly through social media. In this sense, both the knowledge and the beliefs apprehended have been able to impact the mental health of the population.

Con la aparición de la COVID-19, la sociedad ha tenido la necesidad de buscar información sobre la pandemia y las fuentes de información usadas para ello han sido muy diversas, con un mayor predominio de las redes sociales, los medios tradicionales y la consulta a las personas allegadas. Además, se ha observado un exceso de información en los medios de comunicación que dificultaba el acceso y el entendimiento, así como una constante preocupación y ansiedad por la salud, lo cual provocaba una necesidad de búsqueda de información excesiva o repetida sobre la salud y la enfermedad. Esta información no siempre estaba avalada por la comunidad científica y durante la pandemia se han sucedido la difusión de información errónea, de las llamadas fake news y de las teorías de conspiración sobre la COVID-19 difundidas, principalmente, a través de las redes sociales. En este sentido, tanto los conocimientos como las creencias aprehendidas han podido impactar en la salud mental de la población.

Fuentes utilizadas para obtener información sobre la COVID-19 y su impacto en la salud mental / ources used to obtain information on COVID-19 and its impact on mental health

Con la aparición de la COVID-19, la sociedad ha tenido la necesidad de buscar información sobre la pandemia y las fuentes de informa-ción usadas para ello han sido muy diversas, con un mayor predominio de las redes sociales, los medios tradicionales y la consulta alas personas allegadas. Además, se ha observado un exceso de información en los medios de comunicación que dificultaba el accesoy el entendimiento, así como una constante preocupación y ansiedad por la salud, lo cual provocaba una necesidad de búsquedade información excesiva o repetida sobre la salud y la enfermedad. Esta información no siempre estaba avalada por la comunidadcientífica y durante la pandemia se han sucedido la difusión de información errónea, de las llamadasfake news y de las teorías deconspiración sobre la COVID-19 difundidas, principalmente, a través de las redes sociales. En este sentido, tanto los conocimientoscomo las creencias aprehendidas han podido impactar en la salud mental de la población.(AU)

With the rise of COVID-19, the society has had the need to search for information about the pandemic and the sources used to obtaininformation have been very diverse, with a greater predominance of social media, traditional media and consultation with lovedones. In addition, an excess of information has been observed in the media that made access and understanding difficult, as well asa constant concern and anxiety about health that caused a need to search excessively or repeatedly for information on health anddisease. This information was not always endorsed by the scientific community and during the pandemic there has been the spreadof misinformation, fake news and conspiracy theories about COVID-19 disseminated, mainly through social media. In this sense, boththe knowledge and the beliefs apprehended have been able to impact the mental health of the population.(AU)

Risk Factors for Working Pregnant Women and Potential Adverse Consequences of Exposure: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To assess the risk factors perceived as stressors by pregnant women in the work environment and the possible adverse consequences of such exposure for the normal development of pregnancy. Methods: Systematic review, guided by the PRISMA guidelines, and using Pubmed, Web of Science, Dialnet, SciELO, and REDIB databases. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal tools for non-randomised studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: A total of 38 studies were included. The main risk factors found in the work environment of pregnant women were chemical, psychosocial, physical-ergonomic-mechanical factors, and other work-related factors. The main adverse consequences of exposure to these factors include low birth weight, preterm birth, miscarriage, hypertension and pre-eclampsia, as well as various obstetric complications. Conclusion: During pregnancy, working conditions that are considered acceptable in normal situations may not be so during this stage due to the major changes that occur during pregnancy. Many obstetric effects may have an important impact in the mother's psychological status; therefore, it is important to optimise working conditions during this stage and to reduce or eliminate possible risks.

[Violence at work and work engagement against nursing professionals in Spain: a cross-sectional study.] / Violencia en el trabajo y compromiso laboral en los profesionales de enfermería en España: un estudio transversal.

OBJECTIVE: Nurses are one of the groups most exposed to violence in the workplace. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between violence at work and engagement in a sample of nurses in Spain. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a national sample of Spanish nurses. A questionnaire was administered that collected the sociodemographic variables, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) and an ad hoc scale on violence at work. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed as the statistical test with Bonferroni correction and the CHAID algorithm. RESULTS: The sample consisted of a total of 1,648 active nurses. It was observed that 42.17% of them had personally suffered some type of aggression or violence in the workplace, verbal aggression being the most frequent. The results indicated that there was a negative association between work engagement and exposure to situations of violence at work. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relationship between having suffered attacks and the degree of work engagement against nurses, hence the need to establish effective preventive and intervention policies to promote an adequate work environment, and therefore stop episodes of violence in their initial stages.

OBJETIVO: Los profesionales de la enfermería son uno de los colectivos más expuestos a la violencia en los lugares de trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación existente entre la violencia en el trabajo y el compromiso laboral (Engagement) en una muestra de profesionales de enfermería en España. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra de enfermeras españolas a nivel nacional. Se administró un cuestionario que recogía las variables sociodemográficas, el Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) y una escala sobre violencia en el trabajo elaborada ad hoc. Se realizaron como pruebas estadísticas la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney, con corrección de Bonferroni y el algoritmo CHAID. RESULTADOS: La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 1.648 profesionales de enfermería en activo. Se observó que el 42,17% había sufrido personalmente algún tipo de agresión o violencia en el lugar de trabajo, siendo la agresión verbal la más frecuente. Los resultados indican que existía una asociación negativa entre el compromiso laboral y la exposición a situaciones de violencia en el trabajo. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una relación entre haber sufrido agresiones y el grado de compromiso laboral de los profesionales de enfermería, de ahí la necesidad de establecer políticas preventivas y de intervención eficaces para fomentar un adecuado clima laboral, y para atajar episodios de violencia en sus etapas iniciales.

Violencia en el trabajo y compromiso laboral en los profesionales de enfermería en España: un estudio transversal / Violence at work and work engagement against nursing professionals in Spain: a cross-sectional study

FUNDAMENTOS: Los profesionales de la enfermería son uno de los colectivos más expuestos a la violencia en los lugares de trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación existente entre la violencia en el trabajo y el compromiso laboral (Engagement) en una muestra de profesionales de enfermería en España. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra de enfermeras españolas a nivel nacional. Se administró un cuestionario que recogía las variables sociodemográficas, el Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) y una escala sobre violencia en el trabajo elaborada ad hoc. Se realizaron como pruebas estadísticas la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney, con corrección de Bonferroni y el algoritmo CHAID. RESULTADOS: La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 1.648 profesionales de enfermería en activo. Se observó que el 42,17% había sufrido personalmente algún tipo de agresión o violencia en el lugar de trabajo, siendo la agresión verbal la más frecuente. Los resultados indican que existía una asociación negativa entre el compromiso laboral y la exposición a situaciones de violencia en el trabajo. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una relación entre haber sufrido agresiones y el grado de compromiso laboral de los profesionales de enfermería, de ahí la necesidad de establecer políticas preventivas y de intervención eficaces para fomentar un adecuado clima laboral, y para atajar episodios de violencia en sus etapas iniciales.(AU)

BACKGROUND: Nurses are one of the groups most exposed to violence in the workplace. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between violence at work and engagement in a sample of nurses in Spain. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a national sample of Spanish nurses. A questionnaire was administered that collected the sociodemographic variables, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) and an ad hoc scale on violence at work. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed as the statistical test with Bonferroni correction and the CHAID algorithm. RESULTS: The sample consisted of a total of 1,648 active nurses. It was observed that 42.17% of them had personally suffered some type of aggression or violence in the workplace, verbal aggression being the most frequent. The results indicated that there was a negative association between work engagement and exposure to situations of violence at work. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relationship between having suffered attacks and the degree of work engagement against nurses, hence the need to establish effective preventive and intervention policies to promote an adequate work environment, and therefore stop episodes of violence in their initial stages.(AU)

Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación para el abordaje de los problemas de salud mental / Information and communication technologies for approach to the mental health problems

Las nuevas tecnologías junto con las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación permiten el intercambio de información entre los usuarios y pueden aportar muchos beneficios a las personas que padecen problemas de salud mental, ya que internet permite acceder a información sobre la salud y brinda la posibilidad de recibir el apoyo de fuentes variadas. El objetivo de este manuscrito es evaluar el impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en la sociedad española, describir las ventajas y desventajas de su aplicación para la atención y el control de la salud mental como problemática de salud pública, además de identificar la tipología de las nuevas tecnologías y su utilidad en los principales trastornos de salud mental.En psicología clínica se han desarrollado algunos sistemas tecnológicos como la realidad virtual, la realidad aumentada y la telemedicina, con el objetivo de promocionar, monitorizar y mejorar el estado de salud de las personas, ayudando a su vez a los profesionales de la salud en el logro de esta compleja tarea. (AU)

New technologies together with Information and Communication Technologies allow the exchange of information between users and can bring many benefits to people suffering from mental health problems, as the internet allows access to health information and provides the possibility of receiving support from a variety of sources. The aim of this manuscript was to assess the impact of new technologies in the Spanish society, to describe the advantages and disadvantages of their application for the care and control of mental health as a public health problem, and to identify the typology of new technologies and their usefulness in the main mental health disorders.In clinical psychology, some technological systems have been developed, such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and telemedicine, with the aim of promoting, monitoring, and improving people’s state of health, in turn helping health professionals to achieve this complex task. (AU)

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of rehabilitation area professionals: A systematic review.

Background: The role of the physiotherapist is vital in the recovery of post-COVID-19 patients, but fear of contagion is a possible feeling among healthcare professionals. The objective of this study is to assess the mental health effects that COVID-19 has had on healthcare workers, including rehabilitation care, in times of pandemic. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA format in the Pubmed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases between July and September 2022. Keywords included were "healthcare providers," "COVID-19," "Mental Health," and "Psychological Distress." Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in this review. The study population was healthcare professionals including the rehabilitation services. In total, 4 studies reported exclusively on anxiety and stress levels in physiotherapists providing care during the pandemic. Conclusions: The mental health of healthcare professionals has been compromised during the pandemic. However, initially, research was only focused on physicians and nurses, so the need arises to include those professionals, such as physiotherapists, who are also in direct contact with COVID-19 patients. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=367664, identifier: CRD42022367664.

Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

Background: COVID-19 has caused a series of economic, social, personal, and occupational consequences that may affect the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs), with the consequent risk of developing suicidal ideation and behaviors. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the main risk factors that may predispose HCWs to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic review of studies published between January 2020 and August 2022 was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines in the following electronic databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal tools for non-randomized studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The followed protocol is listed in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with code CRD42022340732. Results: A total of 34 studies were included in this review. There are a number of underlying factors such as higher rates of depression, anxiety, pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorders or previous lifetime suicide attempt, living alone, having problems with alcohol and/or other drugs, etc. that favor the emergence of suicidal tendencies and ideation in times of COVID-19. Similarly, the pandemic may have precipitated a series of factors such as economic concerns, assessing one's working conditions as poor, having family members or friends infected, changes in services or functions, and feeling discriminated against or stigmatized by society. Other factors such as age, sex, or type of healthcare worker show differences between studies. Conclusion: Organizations should ensure the adoption of strategies and programmes for early detection of suicides as well as increased attention to the mental health of professions with a high workload. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022340732.